First of all, it is worth guessing what psoriasis is and what causes this disease.Psoriasis is a chronic, non-infectious skin disease characterized by a rash of red-yellow lumps and spots with the peeling surface of the body.Psoriasis is most often recorded in young people aged 18-45, but there are cases of psoriasis in children and the elderly.The essence of the disease is that for unknown reasons, the cells of the epidermis accelerate, the thickening of the skin and further growth in these locations of capillaries.
This disease is not a hundred years and probably accompanied by humanity from the moment of its appearance.Researchers find that the remains of mummified ancient people are patients with psoriasis.In the Middle Ages, this disease was often lost in leprosy and only in the middle of the 19th century.Psoriasis was defined as a separate disease - from this moment on, the scientific examination of the disease has begun.Surprisingly, to this day, scientists cannot fully know the cause of the disease.On this occasion, many theories have been presented:
- Heredity.The cause of the disease is the demolition of the immune system, inherited.So, if one parent is ill in psoriasis, the likelihood of a child's illness is about 20%.If both parents have illness, the likelihood of psoriasis increases to 80%in the child.Scientists note that the disease itself is not inherited, but only the predisposition to its occurrence.
- Viral theory.The reasoning that the pathogen of psoriasis could be a virus has tried to find many scientists.There is no foundation to confirm this theory at the moment.Other infectious diseases - influenza, tonsillitis, acute respiratory viral infections can affect the course of the disease, causing aggravation or becoming triggering the first external manifestations of psoriasis.
- Immune theory.The most justified and generally recognized version of psoriasis appearance.The bottom line is that the cause of the disease is a violation of the cellular connection of immunity.More and more scientists tend to the fact that the disease is autoimmune - that is, the protection of the body turns against themselves and begins to reject skin cells and are considered alien.
- Exchange theory.To learn about the causes of the pathology, scientists have conducted a number of studies on patients with psoriasis.During this process, it was found that each had a violation of metabolism.Especially low body temperature;increased blood cholesterol;Interrupted the balance of vitamins.This leads to the conclusion that the disorders that are in progress play an important role in the occurrence of the disease.
Factors that provoke the formation of psoriasis
The fact that there are triggers that cause the disease or aggravation, the treatment of both patients and doctors themselves.Among these reasons:
- Stress, nervous surge, psychological trauma;
- Hormonal violations;
- Taking certain drugs: antibiotics, vitamins B, anti -inflammatory drugs;
- Mechanical skin injuries: cuts, burns, deep scratches;
- Infectious diseases: tonsillitis, otitis medium, sinusitis, and infections caused by Streptococcus - Scarlet fever, erysipelas, etc.;
- Alcohol consumption, system filling, malnutrition, smoking;
- A sharp change in the climate, a long -term stay in the sunlight.
Symptoms of psoriasis
How to recognize signs of a misleading disease and prevent it from spreading?The course of psoriasis is cyclic: periods of aggravation replace the periods of remission.There are many forms of the disease, each with its own distinctive characteristics, but there are general symptoms that clearly indicate the presence of psoriasis in the patient.This is called psoriatic triad:
- The phenomenon of stearin drops.If you scatter the surface of psoriasis plaque with nails, keratinized skin scales, similar to frozen star drops, are separated from it.
- Below the separated layer of keratinized particles, a red shiny thin foil is found.
- "Bloody dew."If you scrape this movie with a nail, a small drop of blood will take action.The fact is that there are capillaries with thin walls underneath it and several accurate bleeding comes from the slightest physical effect.
These symptoms are accompanied by itching in the affected area.Most often, the first Psoriatic plaques appear in places such as knees, elbows, inguinal region, scalp, armpit.First of all, the rashes are unique, but with the development of the disease, they grow and the plaques can merge with each other, affecting the growing surface of the body.Kebner syndrome also occurs - the occurrence of new rashes at the site of skin irritation.
Vulgar or normal psoriasis
One of the most common forms of the disease is 80% of patients with psoriasis being diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris.The most typical feature is the appearance of reddish papules - nodes that are rounded, clearly defined boundaries and slightly rise above the skin.The spots are covered with a gray attack of the separated scales.The rashes can affect both parts of the body and spread throughout the skin, primarily in the skin, joint joints, frequent contacts and friction of the skin.
The scalp psoriasis
In this form of the disease, primarily in the part of the head, covered with hair, but with further course, plaques can spread to the face, ears and neck.Because it is quite difficult to see what happens on the head, often in the early stages of hair psoriasis, they mix with their usual bran and do not attach much importance to the symptoms.What are the signs to be warned:
- Dry scalp;
- Severe itching;
- Pain and burns in the affected area;
- Appearance of peeling similar to dandruff;
- Hair loss.
The nails are psoriasis
Psoriaticus onchestrophy or nail psoriasis can be manifested as an independent disease and is a complication of the usual psoriasis.The external signs of the disease are very similar to fungal infection.The nail plate thickens and changes in color - it can vary from yellowish to gray.Visible traces of naked eyes are marine bleeding - red or purple spots.There is an oil spill syndrome - yellowish patch under the nail plate.The nail itself is flat, rough for touch, the center -pressed traces.Small holes also appear - such as injections with needles, the surface is similar to the thimble.Underneath the nail bed, the process of accumulation of dead cells begins, and in the future it can lead to the separation and loss of the nail.Both hands can touch both hands or only a few.
Pustulenia psoriasis
This is different from the usual lesion is characterized by the appearance of redness and pustulas - bubbles that are in turmoil.As the disease further develops, bubbles begin to peel, exploring the erosion surface.Pustular psoriasis can become more severe, complicated by a secondary infection, intoxicating the body until death.
Gender
A fairly rare form of the disease.It is characterized by the appearance of small drop -shaped plaques with diameter.Favorite places: limbs and body.The appearance of rashes is accompanied by severe itching, often preceded by the transmitted streptococcus infection.
Psoriasis
It is diagnosed with 15% of all patients with psoriasis.This form is characterized by the occurrence of papules on the palms and soles of the legs.The affected areas have severe itching and heat, often crack and bleeding of the skin.Patients suffer severe difficulties during walking, and the inability to take any action with their hands.The pustular type of Palmar psoriasis appears on redness and bubbles with liquid content on the skin.
Exuding psoriasis
This type of disease is characterized by the formation of crying plaques with uneven edges, covered with many layers of gray -haired bark.Such bark comes from the impregnation of keratinized particles when they try to remove them, the plaque obtains a reddish color and bleeds.This form is often found in patients with problems in the history of the endocrine system, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus.
Psoriatic arthritis
This is characterized by symptoms of psoriasis and arthritis.Patients are limited in their mobility, the fingers are very swollen, and the skin around them obtains a bluish shade.In addition, the disease can affect the spine and sacrum.In addition to the joints, the tendons and the articular cartilage also suffer.
Diagnosis of psoriasis
As with all other diseases, the most important thing is to get to know the enemy per person and to start comprehensive treatment as soon as possible.The first thing if you suspect that psoriasis has the presence, it is to contact a dermatologist.The doctor performs a visual examination, scraping from the affected area and prescribing tests:
- General blood test;
- General urine analysis;
- Calais analysis of the egg -golist.
- Blood test
- Urine analysis
- Calais analysis
Occasionally, these measures are not sufficient for an accurate diagnosis as the symptoms of psoriasis can be smeared.In this case, a biopsy is prescribed from other similar skin diseases to distinguish psoriasis - separating a piece of tissue and subsequent histological examination in the laboratory.In addition, the doctor collects information about clinical manifestations, patient's complaints, and the image of his life, the presence of bad habits and the hereditary predisposition to the disease.
Treatment of psoriasis
Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely get rid of psoriasis.However, this does not mean that it simply cannot pay attention to the presence of the diagnosis.You can achieve a long remission persistent for all recommendations prescribed by your doctor and live for years, not remembers being sick or psoriasis.There is no universal treatment method as it depends on factors such as:
- The age of the patient;
- Type of psoriasis;
- Size and location of the affected areas;
- The severity of the disease.
As a general rule, treatment of psoriasis is measures aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the disease, maintaining the strength of the body, and eliminating the cause of the disease.
Medication
The rest of the disease should struggle with the disease, so the following treatment techniques have been developed in patients with diagnosis of psoriasis: first, the most prescribed drugs are prescribed.If the treatment has no proper effect, the drugs are stronger.But even a well -known pharmaceutical run must be changed from time to time.This is needed not to use the body for a particular medicine and its action does not result in the effect of its action.Treatment includes taking medicines and local ointments.The following drugs are prescribed:
- Antihistamines - relieve itching, allow them to sleep peacefully at night;
- Retinoids, vitamin A derivatives, have a positive effect on the condition of the skin;
- Enterosorbens - their goal is to clean the body of toxins;
- Hepatoprotectors - protective and reset effects on liver cells;
- Enzymes grab the load with the gastrointestinal tract;
- Non -sertoid drugs - alleviate inflammation and pain;
- Antibiotics - it is necessary in cases where the course of the disease is complicated by the relationship between the infection;
- Cytostatics - reduce pathological increased cell division;
- Immunosuppressors;
- Biological products.
At the initial stage of psoriasis, discomfort can eliminate various ointments and creams, which are also a must -have component of the complex of measures to treat advanced cases of the disease.These bases can be divided into two large groups: non -hormonal and hormone.
Physiotherapy
- A few decades ago, the positive effect of UV -rays on the skin affected by psoriasis was proven.Nowadays, this method is successfully used in the treatment of the disease.O Radiation is carried out using special facilities, and both the whole body and only the individual areas can be exposed.
- Patients with diagnosis of psoriasis often suffer from depressive disorders about the experience of disease.In this case, the electron can help.The procedure has a soothing effect, the patient relaxes, and his psychological condition stabilizes.This has a positive effect on the course of the disease.
- Magnetic therapy promotes the improvement of blood circulation, reducing itching, and normalizes metabolism.
- The process of cryotherapy or cold treatment also proved its effectiveness in the treatment of psoriasis.The affected areas are exposed to the vapor of liquid nitrogen, as a result of the itching is reduced and the active metabolism processes of the skin cells are initiated.
- Resort sanatorium treatment can have a very beneficial effect and promote the patient's entry into the remission stage.
If you are diagnosed with psoriasis, try not to despair.The drug is not calm and more and more advanced drugs appear every year, which allow you to get rid of the symptoms of the disease for a long time.Follow all your doctor's recommendations, lead a healthy lifestyle, and avoid factors that can cause aggravation as much as possible.